They are called shifters. 3 on the left means you have three front rings. 1 is the smallest, 3 is the largest. 1 to 7 on the right is the gears on your back tire. The bigger the cog, the easier the gear is. So 1 on the right and 1 on the left will give you the easiest gear and should be used on steep climbs. 3 (left side) and 7 (right side) will give u the hardest gears and will help you on the descents.
It doesn't matter what gears another person is in. It matters on how you can handle it. Harder gears doesn't mean better. I've hurt my quads for going in a gear too hard. While the same gear ratio for someone else is their "easy".
For cardio, you want to find hills, and just ride it. I can be in my easiest gear and have my hr really high. To me rolling hills, intervals gives me the workout I need. But to tone your legs. Just ride, ride and ride some more. You can add strength training as well.



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). Take as an example a 42-tooth chainring with a 21-tooth rear cog. For every revolution of your pedals, your rear (drive) wheel will revolve twice (42/21). If you downshift in the back so that you're now driving a 28-tooth rear cog with that same 42-tooth chainring, now your rear wheel will revolve one and a half times (42/28).
