If I'm not mistaken, a sharrow marks a typical car lane as one where cyclists are being instructed to take the lane. That is, it is too narrow to ride to the right so it is safer to take the lane and cars are being notified that this will be occurring.
As for the berm, that would be "bike lane" but only if marked as such. Otherwise, it is just a paved shoulder. There is a fine-line distinction at least in my neck of the woods. If the paved shoulder is marked with a bike lane on the pavement then the government is responsible for street sweeping the bike lane. That is expensive and comes with liability. So they'll simply call it a paved shoulder and if a bike chooses to use it over the lane, then it is their responsibility. That said, in some areas a bike is required to use the shoulder, but not all.
I know in Arizona new roads have "road surface stabilization shoulders" installed on them. While they make nice bike lanes, technically they are not. I was told that if they were called bike lanes, they wouldn't be approved (too costly and not important), but that by calling them "road stabilization" they get approved. But, they are not swept and can be full of gravel.
2009 Waterford RS-14 S&S Couplers - Brooks B68-Anatomica - Traveller
2008 Waterford RS-33 - Brooks B68-Anatomica - Go Fast
2012 Waterford Commuter - Brooks B68-Anatomica - 3.5-Season/Commuter
2011 Surly Troll - Brooks B68 Imperial - Snow Beast