Oil-Spill Fight Bogs Down
BP Says Stopgap Plan to Cap Well May Take Weeks; Weather Slows Effort to Limit Slick
By BEN CASSELMAN, STEPHEN POWER And ANA CAMPOY
VENICE, La.—Engineers prepared to try containing the gushing Gulf of Mexico oil well with giant underwater boxes and siphons, as seaside towns braced for landfall of a giant slick.
BP PLC, the oil giant that leased the rig whose sinking last week caused the disaster, has failed in efforts using unmanned submarines to activate a shutoff device on the undersea well.
A stopgap solution BP is planning—covering the well with containers and pumping the oil out—will take weeks to roll out and is untested at the one-mile depth of this well, however. BP said it would begin working this weekend on a permanent solution to the crisis, drilling a new hole to cut off the damaged well, but industry scientists said that could take months.
The Deepwater Horizon, operated for BP by Transocean Ltd., burned and sank last week, leaving 11 dead and an open well on the ocean floor.
With a quick solution to shut off the spill looking out of reach Friday, the government and the oil industry struggled to contain the resulting slick and keep it from shore. The American Petroleum Institute alerted members that Interior Secretary Ken Salazar wanted advice from the industry on how to manage the spill by the end of Friday.
On Friday evening, the National Guard was mobilized to assist in the cleanup, and the Pentagon said BP would have to bear the cost. Earlier Friday, a small drilling rig tipped over in inland waters near Morgan City, La., the Coast Guard said, though no oil was spilled.
The Deep Horizon slick began threatening the wetlands of the Louisiana coast, raising fears of environmental disaster in some of America's richest shrimp, oyster and fish breeding grounds.
Strong winds and choppy seas hampered efforts to hem in the oil. Several vinyl containment barriers, known as booms, broke up in the rough weather. Others remained on shore, as high waves—expected to continue through the weekend—made it impossible to lay them in the Gulf.
An equally pressing emergency loomed more than 40 miles offshore, where the deepwater well kept spewing oil uncontrollably.
Industry scientists say the permanent solution is to close the entire well. To do that, they must drill another hole—through 13,000 feet of rock a mile under the ocean's floor—that will intercept the leaking well. They can then pump in cement to try to plug the leaks.
This operation will take up to three months and is highly complex; the drills must precisely hit the leaking well—which is just seven inches wide. When a well off the coast of Australia blew out last year, it took five attempts over 10 weeks to hit the old well and shut it down.
Within hours of the explosion, BP was sending unmanned submarines to the well to try to trigger a device called a "blowout preventer," which is essentially a powerful valve meant to clamp down on the well and shut it off in case of emergency.
The device should have been triggered in the explosion, but wasn't; that failure will be a central question in the investigation.
In theory, the blowout preventer can also be activated by underwater robots. BP has six robots working on it, and says it will keep trying, but so far the valve has not worked. "It's just not functioning appropriately," Tony Hayward, CEO of BP, said in an interview this week.
For now, BP is trying a series of stopgap measures. The company is constructing three steel boxes—each 40 feet tall and weighing 73 tons—that it will place on top of the gushing oil. Pipes running through the boxes will carry the oil to a ship.
A similar system was used after Hurricane Katrina in 2005 to capture oil from smaller spills in shallow water. But the technique has never been tried in deep water, which involves much higher pressures and near-freezing water temperatures. Engineers are still figuring out how to connect the steel boxes to the ship. BP has said the project will take two to four weeks.