Fore/aft unlikely, height yes. If you set your saddle height based on your knee angle at the bottom of the pedal stroke, it will have to come down by 2.5 mm if you're switching to a crank that's 2.5 mm longer. Conversely, if you set your saddle height based on your knee angle at the top of the pedal stroke (as my knees require), then it will have to come up by 2.5 mm to preserve the same angle.
Speed comes from what you put behind you. - Judi Ketteler
the 2.5mm doesn't sound much but when the pedal is at the bottom, its 2.5mm lower and at the top its 2.5mm higher for a total difference of 5mm. Some people will notice some will not.
For 165mm versus 172.5mm, that's a big difference most people will notice. If you notice that your seat position height and fore/aft moves by even a few mm makes a difference, then you will probably notice the difference between 172.5mm or 170mm spin on a bicycle with both crank arm length and go with the one you feel comfortable. If your inseam is short, you may prefer 165mm. Torque you have to generate is higher on 165mm but it would be easier if your knee isn't bent all the way. My performance was much better with 165mm instead of standard 172.5mm.
The human body is not able to note every change that it's undergoing so there could very well be noticeable difference, but the human body just isn't fine tuned for every change to note.
Maybe this is just one of those things where the body looses ...
There are tons of opinions on this and too many times is a scientific one and power related.
The other side is that the longer you go the more difficult it gets to keep spinning high or it becomes less natural. This is one thing that is most times overlooked. And there is the issue for the pressure on the knees.
So bottom-line, wil you notice it, probably not, will it have an effect on riding-style or knees, it could be.
Well, it turns out that I ended up getting my new Cannondale Synapse Carbon Fem 3 afterall. I will be keeping my old Trek 2100 WSD triple "as is", since this bike will serve as my "backup/beater" bike. But thanks to everyone who commented and offered opinions.
Linda