Therapists/counselors can be from different professions. Both licensed mental health counselors (called professional counselors in some states) and licensed social workers are masters level professionals who do therapy. Psychologists have to have a PhD to practice. And only psychiatrists can write scrips (they are MDs). All of these people do pretty much the same things, but in all of these professions, people specialize in working with different kinds of mental health issues or techniques. Cognitive behavior therapy is very common, but not all therapists may be proficient in it.
For example, most of my work with adults is around anxiety disorders, trauma, or depression. I use a lot of cognitive therapy, along with holistic techniques, such as art therapy, meditation, breath work.