I was thinking about this thread today. I went XC skiing for about 3 hrs in -18 deg C, warmer in the sun of course when we could find it, but probably down to below -20 deg C in the coldest spots. The trip started with at least half an hour of strenuous uphill skiing, and I had to take off one wool jersey. I was quite comfortable, ie. warm but not sweating for a long while wearing just mesh wool underwear covered by a thin windproof jacket and PI Amfib tights (and hat, buff+lobster gloves) but as the terrain leveled out to gently rolling the cold started creeping in. First my chest got cold, then it crept down my arms and I could feel a finger or two growing cold. Finally I had to stop and put the jersey back on, only 3 kms from the cabin where we were going to stop for food, and was fine again.
I didn't actually eat any more than I would have done when at home, but I felt the need to eat earlier, and not get hungry. Getting hungry means getting cold and weak, weak means having trouble generating heat, which means even colder. I enjoy both biking and skiing when it's cold, but I find I have to be more careful about eating protein and fat-rich food in advance, I have to stay "stoked up" on food, and I have to avoid sweating a lot, either by moving a bit slower or by removing excess clothing early enough. None of these things matter much when it's above freezing.
Winter riding is much less about badassery and much more about bundle-uppery. - malkin
1995 Kona Cinder Cone commuterFrankenbike/Selle Italia SLR Lady Gel Flow
2008 white Nakamura Summit Custom mtb/Terry Falcon X
2000 Schwinn Fastback Comp road bike/Specialized Jett