Oh, please, do raise your seatpost and stop using your feet to brake! The thought of your ankles and feet swishing around near the wheels makes me queasy just sitting here... :-)
But I understand you having to navigate rough terrain and wanting to put your feet down. I have a bit of that kind of terrain in winter, because the guy responsible for plowing our small roads only feels like doing it once in a blue moon, and in the meantime I have snow and deep, icy random ruts to deal with until I get down to the mostly clear roads. When it's really bad I unclip on the left side (and I agree with the others, you don't need clipless), stand, and pedal really slowly with my weight well back. My balance and handling skills aren't really best then, but my ability to stop fast and put a foot down is. But I count on only tires touching the ground until I come to a complete stop - then a foot.
If it takes a while to learn the skills, and it sounds like you need to go over this terrain no matter what, I'd recommend you raise your seatpost once you're down on the good roads anyway. (Buy a quick-release seatpost clamp if you don't have one.) You'll really enjoy riding with your legs stretched out, it gives you much more punch.
Winter riding is much less about badassery and much more about bundle-uppery. - malkin
1995 Kona Cinder Cone commuterFrankenbike/Selle Italia SLR Lady Gel Flow
2008 white Nakamura Summit Custom mtb/Terry Falcon X
2000 Schwinn Fastback Comp road bike/Specialized Jett