Not sure if I can add more to this discussion, but for what it's worth, I have had 4 bikes with triples in the past 12 years, and this year, I also bought a custom bike with a compact double, that has "mountain gearing" on the rear cassette.
I also had 2 bikes with 650 wheels and my present carbon road bike has 700 wheels. I am short (5' 1", barely).
The wheels: I never noticed a difference when I made the switch, in terms of speed. I felt "higher up," with the 700s if that makes sense, but no difference in my riding speed. My custom bike has a more relaxed geometry, and I do have to be careful of toe overlap, but only on very tight turns. Since I am not the kind of rider that does tight turns often, I only think about it when I am turning into my driveway, from one certain direction.
Triple/compact: I had no trouble shifting with double, in terms of "learning." I thought I might, but it was kind of intuitive for me. I did have trouble finding the sweet spot, which for me is the 16 cog, which I don't have on the compact. I have very, very low gearing on my bike with the compact, as this is the bike that is used for travelling, as in mountains/steep hills. Initially, my speed was down a bit on this bike, because I felt like I was always spinning in too easy of a gear or my legs hurt from too hard a gear. But, I started riding this bike more, and eventually, this difference went away. I think, I got stronger, and am used to riding in the big ring, 17 cog. I try to ride this bike about 30-40% of the time, so I don't lose this edge.
I use the small ring on the compact for hills where I might stay in the middle ring on my triple (such as in Strawberry Hill Rd, for those from the Boston area), as I feel it gives me a little more leeway and I don't want to be "caught" in a gear that makes me mash.
Take the advice of others, get a rear cassette with a lower gear, and you're good to go. I've even done this with my triple; I started with a 12-25, went to a 27, and this year went to a 28. I really don't need a 28, but I live on a big hill, I'm not so young, and my plan is to save my knees, so I can keep riding.



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