I guess I was taking this prompt much too literally, like beliefs in what causes the seasons, not traditions surrounding the seasons.
There are a few cultural/religious traditions in Judaism, related to seasons. The whole Jewish New Year season is at the beginning of harvest (apples and honey for a sweet new year), the beginning of school (maybe not 5,000 years ago), and kind of a season of "starting over," hence the forgiveness of sins on Yom Kippor. The end of the holiday season, Sukkot, is the Feast of the Tabernacles, which celebrates the harvest. Our American Thanksgiving is supposedly modeled on this holiday.