If you are that sore 24hr later. You are working too hard for your current fitness and you will get injured or burned out.
You can't make up for lost time...you have to just reset from where you are and build at a normal rate.
The body will not be ignored. It will just yell louder until it breaks down.

As an example. I took a year off racing once. The following December, I limited myself to a 42x18 gear as the highest I would use and 12mph as a max speed (this was pre- HRM and wattage) on the flats and soft pedalling every climb for 8 weeks before I allowed ANY hard work. Had my best season that year with no injury issues.