Aggie:
Sorry you are having troubles! There is some great information in this thread to try. I definitely second that you should visit the vet and make sure she doesn't have a urinary tract infection or crystals forming that are painful when she urinates.
As for the litter -- many have "preferred substrates" meaning they prefer to urinate on something that feels like sand, or carpet, or paper. If you can simulate that / find the favorite, you will go a long way! I have had clients cut up small carpet pieces and put them in the bottom of the litter pan by itself to start -- (get LOTS of scrap remnant pieces!) -- then slowly add litter after they begin using it -- a SLOW transition could get you where you want to go.
Try different litters -- I like Dr. Elsey's sandy stuff. I buy the "Precious Cat". And... IT'S CHEAP! Nature's Miracle also makes a litter and my cat loved it -- it helps a lot with odor, but is spendy! I now mix a little into the Dr. Elsey's to save $$
And always put enough litter pans -- especially put one in the exact place she is going -- even if it is inconvenient. Once she is using it routinely you can start nudging it inch by inch to a more convenient place for you.
Change the litter DAILY, or more! If you have more than one cat, get one more litter pan than you have kitties.
Make sure there is no stress in the area where the pan is, or on the way to the pan (ie, going by a noisy place, a dog, etc, to get there).
And a hardy +++++ to the Nature's Miracle liquid. Used correctly, it will enzymatically get rid of the odor in the pad and carpet (not only just to you, but also to the pet). They WILL continue to urinate in the same areas if they can smell it.
There you go -- that is everything I know! Your vet may be able to talk to you about anxiolytic drugs if it becomes necessary -- 99.9% of the time it is not. I hate jumping to drugs if not necessary. And it is almost always not!
GOOD LUCK! Start with a visit to the vet!



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