It sounds like maybe the front derailleur may be out of adjustment to a point it is out so far it is in the path of your foot?

With the front shifted to the largest ring, how far out is the outer plate of the derailleur? Looking down at it, the outer plate should be parallel with the chainrings and be out only far enough for the chain to just miss rubbing on it when in the smallest gear in back. You use the screws on the derailleur to limit the furthest throw in and out, and the tension on the cable controls at what point in the shift the derailleur moves it to the higher or lower chainring and where it sits when in the middle of a triple.

A different derailleur would not correct it as the outer plate would have to be in about the same place provided the adjustment is correct.

You may have to look at the shoe/cleat (or toeclip?) position. If using cleats, you may have it set too far to the outside of the shoe, placing your foot inboard of where it needs to be (Q factor). I would first do a quick look at the derailleur position first and go from there. If it looks correct, the Q factor would be next. Maybe a fitting would be in order then as ehirsch83 has already mentioned.