Most MTB mini-pumps don't claim to push enough pressure to fill a road tire. I'm only going by the spec, as I've never used one. OTOH, while the seals on a road mini-pump may be plenty to hold 120-150 lbs, with those tiny barrels it takes a LOT of strokes and more upper body strength than I have to actually inflate a tube to that pressure.
CO2 cartridges come in 12 g and 16 g sizes. Some inflaters accept either size, some accept only one. A 12 g cartridge won't bring a road tire to full pressure, but it should be enough to get home on if you're a lighter rider and you don't waste much CO2 getting started.
Speed comes from what you put behind you. - Judi Ketteler