I use a hose whenever I ride the beach road. VERY low pressure and never directed at anything with bearings or a frame opening. There's so much salt that it permeates my saddle, seat pack and handlebar tape and reeks like fish for 2-3 weeks and that's with the wash. I had salt air eat a brand new pair of polished aluminum hubs years ago before I could even finish the ride and wash the bike, so I'm figuring the salt will do more damage than a slight risk of water.

Otherwise, bucket with diluted Simple Green and soft rags for the frame, stronger Simple Green for the brakes and rims, Park Tool Citrus Chain-Brite in a cleaning machine for the chain, more of it brushed around the derailleurs and sprockets (wear nitrile gloves), finish up the brakes, rims and derailleurs with a paper shop towel or two.