This is a very interesting post, thanks for bringing it up!

I was intrigued when I first flipped through Charmichael's book on Fitness Nutrition, and it brought up the whole concept of periodizing training throughout the year, which was new to me.

Here are some of the notes I took:

Foundation or Base
Coming out of winter, on the trainer, etc. Foundation strength, places a little more stress on the muscles to prepare the body for the heavier weights and greater forces to come in the next two periods.

Preparation or Pre-Competition
Using drills to increase strength and power, then speed using those strength gains. Increasing mileage and altitude.

Specialization or Competition
Strength Maintenance, with appropriate recovery. Peak time! This is where the big race or ride goes.

...And then, of course:

Transition or Off-Season: Aerobic
Recovery, light weights, faster cadence. Usually on the trainer.

After the big peak race with nothing else nearby on the horizon, maybe it's worth not pushing yourself too much. Take a week off, have some beers, relax, acknowledge your accomplishments (admittedly, I have the most trouble with this part). Looks like this is as much mental as physical.

When you're ready, start the cycle again, pick the thing you want to work for next year, and using the gains you've made, start light and build up that aerobic base so you can be even better next time.

-- gnat!