The most effective way to do it, is to do it.
Amelia Earhart
2005 Trek 5000 road/Avocet 02 40W
2006 Colnago C50 road/SSM Atola
2005 SC Juliana SL mtb/WTB Laser V
I tried to adjust mine on a long ride because I'm having a problem with hotfoot and numbness. I had to eventually go with having the cleat in the middle, just under the ball of the foot. Even though it still hurt my foot, it was a better position for my left knee.
You have to watch front to back alignment and the angle at which the cleat puts your foot on the pedal. You want your foot to be pointed forward, not in a direction that would stress your knee. I concur - if you have someone who can watch you pedal on a trainer, it may help. Good luck!!
Most days in life don't stand out, But life's about those days that will...
It really should be well fitted or the injuries will become chronic. My coach tightened my cleat recently for velodrome practices and locked it into "correct" position, but it started to hurt and then on the street I couldn't get out quick enough and fell over at the light (actually this happens to me a lot, I can't quite figure it out, have been using them for 7 mos and still falling over). A friend loosened it for me and told me to leave it "floating" so that my foot would naturally choose its best position instead of locking foot, knee and thigh/hip into place. The knee pain went away right away and I am conscious about concentrating on my positions.