I wash my gloves after every ride because they get just as sweaty as my clothes and it's easy enough to toss them in the laundry. I put them in a mesh lingerie bag so the velcro doesn't snag on anything.

For my road shoes, I use special insoles (not custom-made, but stiffer and with more arch support than the ones that came with the shoes) and I take them out after every ride. I figure since the most expensive shoes I own are my Sidis and the insoles were not cheap either, it can't hurt to give them a good chance to dry and air out.

For my mountain bike shoes (as well as sneakers and other shoes) I don't do anything except throw them out when they get too worn to wear.