Racing style bikes are faster. They are stiffer, usually lighter and made for speed. Touring bikes are usually heavier to accomodate the load they are designed to carry.
Still, the engine matters. I have a stiff carbon bike (granted a Shimano 105 triple is heavier than Dura Ace doubles) and get smoked regularly on the hills by people riding touring bikes. Sometimes they are even carrying a load. Did I also mention they are usually about 30 years older than me, so age isn't helping me either? 
Amanda
2011 Specialized Epic Comp 29er | Specialized Phenom | "Marie Laveau"
2007 Cannondale Synapse Carbon Road | Selle Italia Lady Gel Flow | "Miranda"
You don't have to be great to get started, but you do have to get started to be great. -Lee J. Colan