I'll be interested in reading the advice given, too.

I have two bikes, one is a Trek FX with 25 cc tires and the other is a Bianchi road (steel) with 23 cc tires. However, I only ride the Bianchi at this point because, well, I love her. I had to take a mandatory weather break from December 30 to January 11. It was too cold/icy/snowy during most of that period. By the time, the skies cleared and the weather warmed a bit (alas only temporarily), I was back on the Bianchi. The worst of the sand and salt was washed away by then, but if I waited for all the gravel to get cleared from the county roads that I ride, I'd never ride. I'm careful in certain turns/corners, but I figure I better learn how to deal with it. The same holds true for bad road conditions. I might make a note of a particularly bad pot hole or patch of rough pavement, but they're otherwise a constant part of riding in my neck of the woods. Indiana sees a lot of freezing/thawing cycles so the roads take a beating. And most of them don't get fixed.

I don't ride in the snow, so I can't speak to that. If and when the Bianchi gets dirty from rainy/dirty conditions, I clean her thoroughly right away. Mud isn't going to kill her, but if she's really gotten soaked, I let her dry off inside. I've found that my trunk rack works as a good "dryer" too. Nothing like going 65 on the Interstate after the rain has stopped to dry her off.

And I keep my drivetrain relatively clean and lubed no matter the conditions.
Get a good chaincleaner and use it and do some reading on how to keep your chain lubed, but not overly lubed.