I get a really bad cold weather cough (lasts for days!) usually if I've omitted 2 things... 1)regular riding in the cold and 2) chewing gum!
I have no idea why it works, but if I don't chew gum my throat and lungs burn like crazy and as soon as I warm up again, I cough, and cough...
Can't help with the cold toes, I'm fortunate that I never suffer this (must be awful) and yet I don't particularly wrap my toes up.. just one pair of socks