Not a quick fix, but if you are in it for the long term with him, every day I would try to touch and handle his paws. Not for long, just a few seconds and maybe just one foot or two at a time. Desensitize him... Give him a treat or something he likes as you touch his paws or immediately after. It will over time work. When you trim his nails, don't worry about getting them all. Do one or two, and do another one or two the next day.

I have one cat that was a feral, and she has progressed from not being able to be handled at all, safely, to I can trim nails on two paws before she freaks. Two paws today, two paws tomorrow. She'll also do high fives for treats now!