I think though the safety issue is a big one for quite a number of women that I've personally met. Just based on comments made to me over the years when I've cycle-commuted --not even cycle-touring.

But yes, in cities with expensive rent and tight accommodation, being able to hoist up one's bike up a flight of stairs or more, can be a significant factor/barrier.

And there are many women who just don't want to look sweaty /messy from cycling around on a beautiful summer day and then get off bike, to go shopping. Fussy, but probably many women fit this profile. (After all, same ladies wear full makeup, chic clothing just to go window shopping.)