I'm a dentist, so I will start out by saying that we don't use "novacaine" anymore. We have at our disposal an assortment of very safe local anesthetics with varying amounts of epinephrine or not...The epinephrine (adrenaline) is what caused your reaction. We use the same locals that physicians use. The epinephrine helps make the anesthesia more profound.
Informed consent is something that should always be given as this is a not uncommon, though unpleasant, reaction. Some people even hate the idea of being numb so much, they do without anesthesia. (I don't recommend it). I think that your reaction most likely was associated with the pump as injections should always be given with aspiration (that way you know if you are in a blood vessel).
I have had reactions to the epinephrine myself, so I know how scary it can be.
As to the jaw problem mentioned....it would be helpful to have a bite block. That way you close down on the bite block instead of opening your jaw and holding it there. Much more comfortable and less possibility of jaw problems.