It has to do with center of gravity and how you're interacting with the bike. Bikes are light enough compared to our bodies that if you're pulling up on the bars while climbing, you're going to pull the front wheel up. If your body is too far back relative to the center of mass of the bike, you're also going to pull the front wheel up. So you need to get your body forward and keep yourself from pulling up on the handlebars.
Instead of standing and putting your weight on your handlebars, think of moving your whole body *forward* on the bike. A pro told me she pretends there's a chocolate chip cookie on the handlebars, and she has to get her mouth toward the cookie. That mental image keeps her body low and forward. Depending on the steepness, you may find yourself sitting on the front end of the saddle, or even hovering in front of the saddle.
I think of keeping my body low and pulling the handlebars *back* (ie, parallel to the ground) rather than pulling up.
It also has to do with how light your bike is -- I recently got a bike that's about 5 pounds lighter than my old one, and I'm having to relearn weight distribution to get the right results on this bike. It's super easy to yank the new bike's front wheel up. But I'm doing it a lot less by applying everything I just described. On the plus side, it's also easy to unweight the front wheel intentionally for obstacles.
On the downhill, the opposite is true -- you want to get your body back, sometimes even behind the seat, but still low.



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