Part of the reason for the 10% rule on mileage running is because supportive tissue (ligaments, tendons, bones etc) have to adapt to stress as much as muscles do. Those structures breakdown when loads are too high and there isn't enough recovery.... then you're injured. I would have to say that with cycling being a non-weight bearing sport with low impact, the risk of injury is much less with amping up the mileage faster. I used to build my long rides by 30 min each week in conjunction with all my other training and that was when I just started more long distance stuff. So if 30 km takes you 1.5 hours, you would only need 7 build weeks to make it up to 100 km, add in a couple of recovery weeks and you've got 100 km in 9 weeks from your first 30 km ride. And that's being conservative with how much you could build per week.
Totally doable. Just remember to do stretches, especially hip stretches to keep your muscle balance and prevent problems like knee pain.
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