I would assume that your chain was starting to fail and that was the cause of the clicking. A derailleur wouldn't make a chain fail. How many miles were on this chain? Had it ever been split and removed from the bike? I'm told that today's 10-speed chains are good for only 1500 miles and that they are so narrow that breaking a link and putting it back together is likely to leave that link vulnerable. Best insurance is to just replace the chain every 1000-1500 miles. Or you may want to invest in a chaintool and carry a couple of spare links. Inspect your chain for links that may be stiff or for bends or slight kinks or twists.
My new bike has a Shimano 9-speed chain. Despite the fact that I've been drilling chain rivets for 30 years on 5-, 6-, and 8-speed chains, I was told to clean this chain on the bike and avoid breaking it. I asked for a bag of new chain pins, and he refused to give me more than 2 so I wouldn't be tempted to break the chain when it wasn't absolutely necessary.
Oil is good, grease is better.
2007 Peter Mooney w/S&S couplers/Terry Butterfly
1993 Bridgestone MB-3/Avocet O2 Air 40W
1980 Columbus Frame with 1970 Campy parts
1954 Raleigh 3-speed/Brooks B72