So.
Did I mention we have a dearth of competent professionals in my area? 
So I took it to the shop and described the symptoms. Owner/mechanic absolutely denied that the freehub could be the cause. Said that when the freehub fails, it just doesn't "catch." You pedal and the wheel doesn't turn. Me: "That would be when a pawl fails. What about when a bearing fails?" Him: "That would be different, yeah" [in a tone of voice that implied it still wouldn't cause the symptoms I described]. Couldn't tell me what it would do if the bearings failed, if not what I was experiencing. Took it on a short test ride on flat ground that I told him ahead of time wouldn't reproduce the symptoms. Him: "I can pedal pretty fast." Yeah, but how fast and how long can you coast on flat ground after you stop pedaling?
He also couldn't think of any other way to diagnose freehub bearing failure. So ... 
The more I thought about it and went over everything in my head, the more I was sure it couldn't be anything but the freehub. So I just told him to order the part and replace it, and that I'd cover overnight shipping since I needed the bike for the tri this weekend.
Got it back, rode it tonight. Made sure to coast down all the big hills. No problem.
I had thought that the play in the old freehub wasn't excessive, but there's like NONE now. So that would've been diagnostic ... I also realized that the chain had been binding a little bit, for some time now, when I pedaled backwards, which I'd chalked up to maybe I'd tweaked the derailleur hanger or cage a little bit, but it's not doing that any more either. So that would've been diagnostic, too.
Oh, and when I picked the bike up, the counter guy told me that the owner/mechanic had never replaced a Mavic freehub before, and was watching and pausing a YouTube video while he was working on mine. 
But anyway, it appears to be fixed. I'm really glad you chimed in, mp, or I might not have had the confidence in my diagnosis to insist on it.
Last edited by OakLeaf; 07-21-2010 at 07:10 PM.
Speed comes from what you put behind you. - Judi Ketteler