You can absolutely ride 30 miles on a hybrid. My max on mine is probably 25, but that's mostly because I don't have any place farther to go on it. If it fit me better, it would be even better.

I hate to say it, but there are two women in my club who've gone from hybrids to their first road bikes, and they've been very disappointed. I think they were counting on the bikes to "make them faster."

The bottom line is you need strength, you need endurance, and you need technique. When you have those, you'll be able to take advantage of the weight and power advantages that a well-fitting road bike offers. Find a good training plan - there are plenty of basic ones free online, though unfortunately I don't have any to recommend - and stick with it. You'll get faster.