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First & second centuries I ever rode in my life was on a vintage steel road bike with a double. It has 1 water bottle cage attached so I took it to my LBS and they rigged a second cage up for me - it's still on there. Don't remember anymore what the rings are but I love that bike and I love the ride of steel.
I finally got a vintage road bike with a triple and 2 water bottle cages, alum and I've ridden most of my miles on that one. I ride both road bikes on our bike paths here which are paved but I also ride with slimed tubes due to goat heads thorns and glass in the street. I can't even imagine trying to ride 100 miles on a MTB but I know ppl that do.
As for the breaks: it wasn't until my last century that I finally decided it was ok to stop and actually 'get off the bike :eek:' to do things like eat and fill up water bottles and wow - pee! What a concept!! :D
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You can be there in just a bit. Once you have done 60, you can do 80 and the next week 100.... promised....
take the road bike. You will not need the granny gears even in the end. You'll go along at your pace, steadily.
Keep fed and get some more fluid on the way. have an espresso after km 80 :)