FWIW, I don't have access to an outdoor faucet at my apartment. Okay, we have one, but my building doesn't allow moving bikes in and out of the front door. (But she's not dirty! Or, not that dirty.) It's also difficult because the stairs are so steep. So I clean her up as described
I don't do much riding in winter save the unsalted trail back home. (Cleveland winters are nasty and wet, and they're not great about salting roads because they want to save money...therefore it's icy.) If I did, I'd see about getting one of those sprayers to "hose" down the bike after a ride.
I use Park Tool's citrus degreaser. I can't find disposal instructions for it, though.

